ABSTRACT
Introduction Familiar satisfaction results from the continuous interplay of verbal and/or physical interactions between subjects and the other members of their family. This satisfaction maintain relations to the coherence, fairness, fun, support, lack of conflicts, affective proximity, confidence, cohesion, adaptation, allocation and acceptance of roles and tasks, open communication and the acceptance in general of the own family. The use of developed psychological tests constructed in other countries is a frequent practice in the world. The validation and standardization of the test imply to establish measurement rules and scales of qualification for a determined population, when it is different from the original population in which it was created or where the instrument is used habitually. The objective of this study was to collect the normative data of the Family Satisfaction by Adjectives Scale (FSAS) in children and adolescents of Mexico City. Material and methods A cross-sectional study was performed in 476 men and women; 8 to 15 years 11 months of age. The survey family satisfaction by adjectives scale (FSAS) by Barraca and Lopez-Yarto was applied. The data were analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS v.17). Results The sample was conformed by 226 men (47.5%) and 250 women (52.5%). Of these, 237 were children (8 to 11 years and 11 months of age) and 239 were adolescents (12 to 15 years and 11 months of age). It was found that Family Satisfaction by Adjectives Scale (FSAS) has very good reliability (a=.89), construct (50% total variance), content and discriminative validity among children and adolescents (p.000).
Introducción La satisfacción familiar es el resultado del continuo juego de interacciones verbales y/o físicas que mantiene un sujeto con los otros miembros de su familia y guarda relación con la coherencia, la equidad en el hogar, la diversión, el apoyo, la falta de conflictos, la cercanía afectiva, la confianza, la cohesión, la adaptación, la asignación y aceptación de roles y tareas, la comunicación abierta y la aceptación en general de la propia familia. La utilización de pruebas psicológicas construidas en otros países es una práctica frecuente no sólo en nuestro país sino en todo el mundo. La validación y estandarización de las mismas implica establecer reglas de medición y escalas de calificación para una población determinada, cuando es diferente de la población original en la que se creó o se utiliza habitualmente el instrumento. El objetivo de este estudio fue obtener los datos normativos de la Escala de Satisfacción Familiar por Adjetivos (ESFA) en escolares y adolescentes mexicanos de la Ciudad de México. Material y métodos Se realizó una encuesta transversal a 476 hombres y mujeres, de 8 a 15 años 11 meses, a quienes se les aplicó la escala de satisfacción familiar por adjetivos (ESFA) de Barraca y López-Yarto. Los datos se analizaron con el Paquete Estadístico para las Ciencias Sociales (SPSS v.17). Resultados La muestra se conformó por 226 hombres (47.5%) y 250 mujeres (52.5%). De éstos, 237 fueron escolares de 8 a 11 años 11 meses y 239 adolescentes de 12 a 15 años 11 meses. Se encontró que la escala posee muy buena confiabilidad (a=.89), validez de constructo (varianza total de 50%), de contenido y discriminante entre escolares y adolescentes (p.000).
ABSTRACT
Background. Malnutrition is a common cause of morbidity in children with congenital heart disease (CHD). The aim of this study was to assess the impact of malnutrition and nutritional support on the length of hospitalization and mortality at the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) in children with CHD after undergoing surgery. Methods. Clinical records (2000-2008) of patients £3 years old with CHD who were admitted for surgery were evaluated for nutritional status, nutritional support, and risk factors. Mortality was evaluated from the beginning of surgery and during the patient's stay at the PICU. Long-term hospitalization was considered according to the length of hospital stay on percentile >50. A multiple logistic regression model was used. Results. Two hundred eighty nine patients were included. Factors related to mortality were malnutrition before surgery (OR 3.447; 95% CI 1.006-11.812, p = 0.049), early or delayed enteral nutrition (OR 0.007; 95% CI 0.000-0.097, p = 0.000, and OR 0.011; 95% CI 0.001-0.126, p = 0.000, respectively), and early parenteral nutrition (OR 0.032; 95% CI 0.002-0.452, p = 0.000) vs. no nutritional support. Factors related to long-term stay were malnutrition at birth (OR 2.772; 95% CI 1.282-5.995, p = 0.010) and delayed parenteral nutrition (OR 12.049; 95% CI 1.626-94.724, p = 0.015). Conclusion. Malnutrition at birth and before surgery increases length of stay and mortality of children after open heart surgery. Early nutritional support reduces length of stay and mortality.